What is a census, and why is it conducted?

The correct response highlights the significance and purpose of a census as a systematic count of the population conducted every ten years. This decennial practice is fundamental for various reasons, primarily influencing the apportionment of congressional seats among the states. By collecting comprehensive demographic information, the census allows for accurate representation in the U.S. House of Representatives. Additionally, it plays a crucial role in informing federal funding decisions, allocating resources that support various programs and services based on population needs.

The ten-year schedule ensures that the data reflects population changes over time, which is vital for maintaining fair representation and effective governance. Such demographic insights also inform state and local governments, businesses, and researchers regarding trends that affect community planning, economic development, and social services.

Other options may suggest related concepts, but they do not accurately capture the full scope and intention behind the census process, rendering them less appropriate in explaining what a census is and why it is conducted.