What characterizes a democracy?

A democracy is characterized by a system where power belongs to the people. This foundational principle emphasizes that the authority of the government is derived from the consent of the governed, often expressed through elections and the protection of individual rights. In a democratic system, citizens participate in decision-making processes, either directly or through elected representatives, which distinguishes it from autocracies or oligarchies where power is held by individuals or small groups separately from the general populace.

In contrast, the other options indicate forms of governance that do not embody democratic principles. A system with one person holding absolute power exemplifies an autocracy rather than democracy. A union of sovereign states might refer to a confederation or federation, which reflects a different political structure focused on political unity rather than direct public governance. Finally, a government ruled by a small elite group suggests an oligarchy, where a select few control power, again negating the democratic principle of collective participation by the populace. Thus, the essence of democracy lies in the empowerment of the people and their role in shaping their government.